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Great Sphinx of Giza
The Great Sphinx of Giza ((アラビア語:أبو الهول) , (英語:The Terrifying One); literally: Father of Dread), commonly referred to as the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining or couchant sphinx (a mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head) that stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the face of the Pharaoh Khafra.
It is the largest monolith statue in the world, standing long, wide, and high. It is the oldest known monumental sculpture, and is commonly believed to have been built by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the Pharaoh Khafra (c. 2558–2532 BC).〔〔Dunford, Jane; Fletcher, Joann; French, Carole (ed., 2007). (''Egypt: Eyewitness Travel Guide'' ). London: Dorling Kindersley, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7566-2875-8.〕
== Construction ==
The Sphinx is a monolith carved down into the bedrock of the plateau which also served as the quarry for the pyramids and other monuments in the area. Because of its geological history, the nummulitic limestone of the area consists of layers of widely differing quality offering unequal resistance to erosion, mostly due to wind and windblown sand, which explains the uneven degradation of the body of the Sphinx. The floor of the Sphinx depression and lowest part of the body including the legs is solid, hard rock. Above this, the body of the lion up to its neck is a heterogeneous zone with friable layers that have suffered considerable disintegration. The layer in which the head was sculpted is also much harder.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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